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''Guillaume Tell'' ((英語:William Tell), (イタリア語:Guglielmo Tell)) is an opera in four acts by Gioachino Rossini to a French libretto by Étienne de Jouy and Hippolyte Bis. Based on Friedrich Schiller's play ''William Tell,'' which drew on the William Tell legend, the opera was Rossini's last, although he lived for nearly forty more years. The overture, in four sections and featuring a depiction of a storm as well as a vivacious finale, the "March of the Swiss Soldiers," is often played. Charles Malherbe, archivist at the Paris Opéra, discovered the original orchestral score of the opera at a secondhand book seller's shop, resulting in its being acquired by the Paris Conservatoire. 〔Charles Malherbe, (''The Monthly Musical Record'' ), Vol. 39, 1900. on books.google.com. Retrieved 11 December 2013〕 ==Performance history== It was first performed by the Paris Opéra at the Salle Le Peletier on 3 August 1829, but within three performances cuts were being made and after a year only three acts were performed.〔Kaminsky 2003, pp. 1355-1358〕 The opera's length, roughly four hours of music, and casting requirements, such as the high range required for the tenor part, have contributed to the difficulty of producing the work. When performed, the opera is often cut. Performances have been given in both French and Italian. Political concerns have also contributed to the varying fortunes of the work. In Italy, because the work glorified a revolutionary figure against authority, the opera encountered difficulties with the Italian censors, and the number of productions in Italy was limited. The Teatro San Carlo produced the opera in 1833, but then did not give another production for around 50 years. The first Venice production, at the Teatro La Fenice, was not until 1856. By contrast, in Vienna, in spite of censorship problems there, the Vienna Court Opera gave 422 performances over the years 1830–1907. As ''Hofer, or the Tell of the Tyrol'', the opera was first given in at Drury Lane in London on 1 May 1830 (in English), with a production in Italian following in 1839 at Her Majesty's, and in French at Covent Garden in 1845.〔 In New York, ''William Tell'' was first presented on 19 September 1831.〔Gossett & Brauner 2001, p. 794.〕 It was revived at the Metropolitan Opera in 1923 with Ponselle and Martinelli, and there were revivals during the 1930s in Milan, Rome, Paris, Berlin and Florence.〔 When the opera was performed at Gran Teatre del Liceu (Barcelona) in 1893, an anarchist threw two Orsini bombs in the theatre. In the later 20th century there were major productions in Florence (1972), Geneva (1979, 1991), La Scala (1988), Théâtre des Champs-Élysées (1989), Covent Garden (1990), and then Opéra Bastille (2003)〔 as well as at the Sportspalace in Pesaro (lasting over 5 hours, 1995). In 2010 there was an important revival of the opera, when it opened the Accademia Nazionale di Santa Cecilia's season, under Antonio Pappano.〔("Report from Santa Cecilia", 3 September 2010, on santacecilias.it )〕 This performance was of the French version, with some cuts to particularly the fourth act (which Pappano noted had been approved by Rossini himself).〔Pappano, Antonio,(15 July 2011), ("Proms take a bite of ''William Tell''" ), ''The Guardian'' (London)〕 A live recording of this concert performance was released in 2011, and the production was transferred to The Proms in July of that year, with Michele Pertusi taking on the title role, Patricia Bardon as Hedwige, Nicolas Courjal as Gessler, and Mark Stone as Leuthold. The performance was very well reviewed, and marked the first full performance of the work in the history of the Proms.〔Seckerson, Edward, (17 July 2011), ("Prom 2: Rossini – ''William Tell'', Royal Albert Hall, London" ), ''The Independent'' (London).〕 According to an anecdote, when an admirer told the composer that he had heard his opera the previous night, Rossini replied "What? The whole of it?".〔Kobbé 1954, pp. 370—373〕 Another version of the story refers only to Act II.〔 In 1864 Offenbach quoted the patriotic trio from Act 2, "Lorsque la Grèce est un champ de carnage" in ''La Belle Hélène''.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「William Tell (opera)」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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